Pengendapan Uranium pada Monasit Bangka sebagai Ammonium Diuranate (ADU) Menggunakan Gas NH3

Riesna Prassanti, Ahmad Miftah Fauzan, Aditya Widian Putra, Afiq Azfar Pratama, Erlan Dewita, Rachmat Fauzi Hidayat, Budi Yuli Ani, Yoga Permana

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/eksplorium.2020.5879

Abstract


ABSTRAK Monasit, sebagai produk ikutan penambangan timah, mengandung unsur-unsur logam tanah jarang (LTJ) serta unsur radioaktif seperti uranium (U) dan torium (Th). Penelitian dan pengembangan pengolahan monasit di Pusat Teknologi Bahan Galian Nuklir-Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (PTBGN-BATAN) telah berhasil memisahkan LTJ sebagai senyawa hidroksida dengan recovery 85%. Unsur radioaktif U dan Th masing-masing diperoleh sebagai produk dalam bentuk konsentrat senyawa ammonium diuranate (ADU)/(NH4)2U2O7 dan torium hidroksida (Th(OH)4). Pada penelitian sebelumnya, pemisahan U sebagai ADU pada monasit dilakukan dengan proses pengendapan menggunakan larutan NH4OH. Pada penelitian, U ini akan diendapkan sebagai ADU menggunakan reagen gas NH3 dengan tujuan memperoleh kondisi optimum pengendapan. Umpan pengendapan berupa larutan (U,Th,LTJ) sulfat diperoleh dari proses pengolahan monasit secara basa yaitu dekomposisi menggunakan NaOH, pelarutan parsial menggunakan HCl, dan pelarutan total menggunakan H2SO4. Parameter yang diteliti meliputi pengaruh laju alir gas NH3, temperatur proses, dan waktu kontak terhadap recovery U. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi statis pH-7, kondisi optimum pengendapan U menggunakan gas NH3 adalah pada laju alir gas NH3 150 ml/menit, temperatur proses 30oC, dan waktu kontak 15 menit dengan recovery pengendapan U 100%, Th 99,97%, dan LTJ 99,93%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa unsur U sudah terambil seluruhnya akan tetapi masih bercampur dengan unsur lain yaitu Th dan LTJ, sehingga diperlukan penelitian berikutnya untuk memperoleh U dengan kemurnian yang tinggi pada kondisi pH optimum.

ABSTRACT Monazite, as a by-product of tin mining, contains rare earth elements (REE) and radioactive elements like uranium (U) and thorium (Th). The monazite processing Research and Development at the Center for Nuclear Mineral Technology-National Nuclear Energy Agency (PTBGN-BATAN) has succeeded in separating REE as a hydroxide compound with an 85% recovery. The radioactive elements U and Th are each obtained as a product in the form of concentrated compounds of ammonium diuranate (ADU)/(NH4)2U2O7 and thorium hydroxide (Th(OH)4). In previous studies, the separation of U as ADU in monazite was carried out by the precipitation process using NH4OH solution. In this research, U will be precipitated as an ADU using NH3 gas reagents to obtain precipitation optimum conditions. Precipitation feed in the form of (U, Th, REE) sulfate solution derived from the monazite processing using the alkali or base method, which includes decomposition using NaOH, partial dissolution using HCl, and total dissolution using H2SO4. The parameters studied include the effect of NH3 gas flow rate, process temperature, and contact time on U recovery. The results showed that on the static pH-7 condition, the optimum state of U precipitation using NH3 gas is at NH3 gas flow rate of 150 ml/minutes, processing temperature of 30oC, and 15 minutes contact time with precipitation recovery of U 100%, Th 99.97%, and REE 99.93%. These results indicate that U has been taken entirely but still mixed with other elements, which are Th and REE, so that further research is needed to obtain U with high purity on optimum pH condition.


Keywords


monasit; pengendapan; ammonium diuranate; gas NH3

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