Email this article 
Hide
Show all
Kajian Risiko Pajanan Sinar Gama dan Radon pada Pekerja di Area Terowongan Eksplorasi Uranium Remaja, Kalimantan Barat
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/eksplorium.2020.5882
Abstract
ABSTRAK Kajian risiko pajanan radiasi gama dan gas radon dilakukan di area terowongan eksplorasi uranium dalam upaya melindungi pekerja dari bahaya radiasi pengion di tempat kerja. Pengukuran pajanan sinar gama dan konsentrasi gas radon dilakukan di dalam terowongan eksplorasi uranium Remaja dan sekitar kamp pekerja di daerah Kalan, Kalimantan Barat. Pajanan sinar gama diukur menggunakan surveimeter gama, sementara pajanan radon (222Rn/220Rn) menggunakan detektor pasif RADUET. Konsentrasi gas radon dan toron di dalam terowongan secara umum cukup tinggi, berkisar antara 188,84 hingga 495,86 Bq/m3 (rata-rata 375,80 Bq/m3) sementara toron berkisar antara 58,07 hingga 340,73 Bq/m3 (rata-rata 189,80 Bq/m3). Nilai tersebut berada di atas reference level radon (300 Bq/m3) yang disaranakan oleh International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). Dosis efektif tahunan sinar gama mencapai nilai 147,88 mSv di dalam terowongan eksplorasi. Nilai tersebut berada di atas nilai batas dosis untuk pekerja, yaitu 20 mSv. Pengendalian pajanan sangat penting dilakukan dengan memenuhi prinsip “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) dan proteksi radiasi eksterna untuk melindungi pekerja di dalam terowongan dari masalah kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh pajanan dari sinar gama, radon, dan toron.
ABSTRACT A risk assessment of gamma radiation and radon gas exposure is carried out in the uranium exploration tunnel area to protect workers from the ionizing radiation hazards in the workplace. Measurement of gamma-ray exposure and radon gas concentrations were carried out in Remaja uranium exploration tunnel and around the workers camp in Kalan Area, West Kalimantan. Gamma exposure was measured using a gamma survey meter while radon (222Rn/220Rn) using RADUET passive detector. The concentrations of radon and thoron gas inside the tunnel generally are high, ranging from 188.84 to 495.86 Bq/m3 (375.80 Bq/m3 average) and 58.07 to 340.73 Bq/m3 (189.80 Bq/m3 average) respectively. These values are above the radon reference level (300 Bq/m3)which is recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). The annual gamma effective dose reaches 147.88mSv inside the tunnel. This value is exceeding the 20 mSv dose limit value for workers. It is necessary to control the exposure by fulfilled the principle of “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) and external radiation protection to secure workers inside the tunnel from a health issue caused by gamma-ray, radon, and thoron exposures.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
[1] M. Torres-Durán, J. M. Barros-Dios, A. Fernández-Villar, dan A. Ruano-Ravina, “Residential Radon and Lung Cancer in Never Smokers. A Systematic Review,” Cancer Lett., vol. 345, no. 1, pp. 21–26, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.010.
[2] K. Leuraud, M. Schnelzer, L. Tomasek, N. Hunter, M. Timarche, B. Grosche, M. Kreuzer, dan D. Laurier, “Radon, Smoking and Lung Cancer Risk: Results of a Joint Analysis of Three European Case-Control Studies Among Uranium Miners,” Radiat. Res., vol. 176, no. 3, pp. 375–387, 2011, doi: 10.1667/rr2377.1.
[3] R. S. D. Lane, L. Tomášek, L. B. Zablotska, E. Rage, F. Momoli, dan J. Little, “Low Radon Exposures and Lung Cancer Risk: Joint Analysis of the Czech, French, and Beaverlodge Cohorts of Uranium Miners,” Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, vol. 92, pp. 747–762, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s00420-019-01411-w.
[4] M. Y. M. Hanfi, “Radiological Assessment of Gamma and Radon Dose Rates at Former Uranium Mining Tunnels in Egypt,” Environ. Earth Sci., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 1–7, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s12665-019-8089-3.
[5] B. J. Vincelli, N. W. Henry, J. J. Miller, dan J. R. Weldy, Radiation Safety Officer Survival Handbook. American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), 2009.
[6] H. Mu, J. Sun, L. Li, J. Yin, N. Hu, W. Zhao, D. Ding, dan L. Yi, “Ionizing Radiation Exposure: Hazards, Prevention, and Biomarker Screening,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 25, no. 16, pp. 15294–15306, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2097-9.
[7] ICRP, Radiological protection against radon exposure, ICRP 126., vol. 43, no. 3. SAGE Publications, 2014.
[8] ICRP, Protection Against Radon-222 at Home and at Work, ICRP 65., vol. 23, no. 2. 1993.
[9] J. W. Marsh, D. Laurier, dan M. Tirmarche, “Radon Dosimetry for Workers: ICRP’s Approach,” J. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., vol. 177, no. 4, pp. 466–474, 2017, doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncx065.
[10] S. Tokonami, H. Takahashi, Y. Kobayashi, W. Zhuo, dan E. Hulber, “Up-to-date Radon-Thoron Discriminative Detector for a Large Scale Survey,” Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 76, no. 11, pp. 1–5, 2005, doi: 10.1063/1.2132270.
[11] P. Stegnar, I. Shishkov, M. Burkitbayev, B. Tolongutov, M. Yunusov, R. Radyuk, dan B. Salbu, “Assessment of the Radiological Impact of Gamma and Radon Dose Ratesat Former U Mining Sites in Central Asia,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 123, pp. 3–13, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.12.005.
[12] E. Lespukh, P. Stegnar, M. Yunusov, H. Tilloboev, G. Zyazev, P. Kayukov, A. Hosseini, G. Strømman, dan B. Salbu, “Assessment of the Radiological Impact of Gamma and Radon Dose Rates at Former U Mining Sites in Tajikistan,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 126, pp. 147–155, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.07.019.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright EKSPLORIUM: Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir (e-ISSN 2503-426x p-ISSN 0854-1418)
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KA. B.J. Habibie, Jl. M.H. Thamrin No.8, Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia.
