EFEK KENAIKAN HARGA BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP BIAYA PEMBANGKITAN LISTRIK

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ABSTRAK

EFEK KENAIKAN HARGA BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP BIAYA PEMBANGKITAN LISTRIK. Kontribusi harga daur bahan bakar nuklir terhadap total biaya pembangkitan listrik pada PLTN relatif kecil sekitar 15-30%, dibanding PLTU berbahan bakar batubara (40-60%) maupun PLTU berbahan bakar minyak/gas (70-80%). Kondisi ini akan memberi efek biaya pembangkitan listrik yang lebih stabil terhadap fluktuasi kenaikan harga bahan bakar. Dari studi ini terlihat bahwa jika diasumsikan terjadi kenaikkan harga uranium alam sebesar 100% akan mengakibatkan kenaikan harga daur bahan bakar nuklir sebesar 29%. Karena kontribusi harga uranium alam terhadap total harga daur bahan bakar nuklir adalah sekitar 29%, dan kontribusi harga daur bahan bakar nuklir terhadap total biaya pembangkit listrik relatif kecil (15-30%), kenaikan harga uranium alam sebesar 100% akan mengakibatkan naiknya biaya pembangkitan listrik hanya sekitar 4-8%. Pada pembangkit listrik berbahan bakar fosil, jika diasumsikan terjadi kenaikan harga bahan bakar sebesar 100% akan mengakibatkan naiknya biaya pembangkitan listrik sebesar 40-65% pada PLTU batubara, dan sebesar 70-85% untuk PLT minyak bumi/gas.

Kata kunci: bahan bakar fosil, uranium alam, daur bahan bakar

ABSTRACT

THE EFFECT OF FUEL COST INCREASING TO THE ELECTRICITY GENERATING COST. The contribution of the nuclear fuel cycle cost to the total of nuclear power generating cost is relatively small, about 15-30%, compared to the contribution of the fuel cost in the coal-generated electricity (40-60%), or in the gas/oil-generated electricity (70-80%). This condition will give the effect that once a nuclear power plant is built, the future generation cost are much less sensitive to the change in the fuel prices fhan in the case of fossil fuel power plants. The study shown that if assumed the natural uranium price were double, the total nuclear fuel cycle cost would increase by about 29%. Because the contribution of the natural uranium price to the total nuclear fuel cycle cost is about 29%, and the contribution of the nuclear fuel cycle cost to the nuclear generation cost is relatively small, the assumed of 100% increase of natural uranium price would increase nuclear electricity generating cost by only about 4-8%. As a comparison, if assumed a 100% increase in fossil fuel prices would increase the electricity generating cost by about 40-65% for coal-pwer plants, and about 70-85% for oil/gas-power plants.

Keywords: fossil fuel, natural uranium, fuel cycle