EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATION AND BODY SIZE ON THE BIOACCUMULATION OF MERCURY ON THE ARK COCKLES ANADARA ANTIQUATA

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EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATION, AND BODY SIZE ON THE BIOACCUMULATION OF MERCURY ON THE ARK COCKLES ANADARA ANTIQUATA. The kinetics of mercury bioaccumulation on the ark cockles Anadara antiquata were investigated by using radiotracer. An aquaria experiments applied to two groups of cockles, that were smaller (10-20mm) and bigger cockles (35-45 mm), three individuals each, with two replications. Four Hg2+ concentration (0.0025; 0.005; 0.01; and 0.02 μg.L-1) with 0.5 Bq.L-1 of 203Hg2+ were treated to both groups. The experiments of bioaccumulation lasted for 14 days, continued with 5 days depuration treatments. The observed variables were Bioconcentration Factor (BCF), uptake rates, efflux rates, contents of mercury in the body, and elimination rates of mercury. The models to predict BCF and elimination rates also had made. The results showed that Hg2+ bioaccumulation on smaller cockles was higher than bigger cockles. The increased of Hg2+ concentration in the water decreased the BCF on both groups. By the steady state of exposure period, the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) of Hg was 775,532 on smaller cockles, and 378,708 on bigger cockles. The increased of Hg2+ concentration in the medium effected the increased ofHg2+ efflux rates, and Hg2+ contents in the body on both groups, but decreased the uptake rates on bigger cockles. There were no significant differences of Hg2+ retention percentage during depuration time on both groups. Keywords: Bioaccumulation, mercury, kinetic, Bioconcentration Factor, Anadara antiquata. ABSTRAK Pengaruh konsentrasi merkuri dan ukuran tubuh terhadap bioakumulasi merkuri pada kerang bulu Anadara antiquata. Kinetika bioakumulasi merkuri pada Anadara antiquate telah diteliti dengan menggunakan perunut radioaktif. Eksperimen akuaria dilakukan terhadap kelompok kerang ukuran kecil (10-20 mm) dan besar (35-45 mm), masing-masing tiga ekor,dengan dua ulangan. Digunakan empat konsentrasi Hg2+dalam air (0,0025; 0,005; 0,01; and 0,02 μg.L-1) yang mengandung0,5 Bq.L-1 perunut 203Hg2+. Percobaan bioakumulasi berlangsung selama 14 hari, diikuti dengan depurasi selama 5 hari. Peubah yang diukur adalah Faktor Biokonsentrasi (BCF), laju pengambilan, laju fluks masuk, kandungan Hg2+ dalam tubuh, serta laju pelepasan Hg2+. Dihasilkan pula model untuk memprediksi BCF dan laju pelepasan Hg2+. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan BCF Hg2+ pada kerang ukuran kecil lebih tinggi dibandingkan kerang ukuran besar. Peningkatan konsentrasi Hg2+ di air menyebabkan penurunan BCF kedua kelompok kerang. Pada kondisi tunak, diperoleh nilai BCF 775.532 pada kerang ukuran kecil; dan 378.708 pada kerang ukuran besar. Peningkatan konsentrasi Hg2+ di air menyebabkan peningkatan laju fluks masuk dan kandungan Hg2+ di tubuh kedua kelompok kerang, namun cenderung menurunkan laju pengambilan Hg2+ pada kerang besar. Persentase retensi Hg2+ antar kedua kelompok kerang tidak berbeda nyata selama masa depurasi. Kata kunci: Bioakumulasi, merkuri, kinetik, FaktorBiokonsentrasi, Anadaraantiquata